武汉船舶职业技术学院学报

以内河船常用的6190型柴油机为研究对象，探究6190型柴油机振动特性及潜在故障风险，采用试验测试与数值仿真相结合的方法。首先，在柴油机的关键部位设置测点，然后对振动测试数据多方向分析，发现存在固有频率与燃烧激励耦合引发的共振风险。接着，通过ANSYS对关键运动件（活塞、连杆）进行模态仿真分析，发现燃烧激励、机械不平衡与结构共振共同影响该柴油机振动特性。最后，提出提高部分零部件刚度，阻尼优化，使用减振垫等方案以优化结构、抑制振动，实施后可有效降低局部振动幅值，提升设备运行可靠性。该研究为同类柴油机的振动控制与结构优化提供了理论依据和工程参考。

This paper takes the 6190 diesel engine commonly used in inland river ships as the research object, exploring its vibration characteristics and potential failure risks. The research adopts a combination of experimental testing and numerical simulation methods.Firstly, measuring points are set up at key parts of the diesel engine, and then vibration test data is analyzed from multiple directions. It is found that there is a resonance risk caused by the coupling of natural frequency and combustion excitation.Next, modal simulation analysis is conducted on key moving parts(piston, connecting rod) using ANSYS, revealing that combustion excitation, mechanical imbalance, and structural resonance jointly affect the vibration characteristics of the diesel engine.Finally, it is proposed to enhance the rigidity of certain components, optimize damping, and utilize vibration-reducing pads to optimize the structure and suppress vibrations. Once implemented, these measures can effectively reduce local vibration amplitudes and enhance the operational reliability of the equipment. This study provides a theoretical basis and engineering reference for vibration control and structural optimization of similar diesel engines.