武汉船舶职业技术学院学报

生态位理论为解析高等教育生态系统运行逻辑提供了重要方法论支撑。职业本科院校作为我国高等教育生态系统中的新兴办学种群，兼具初创性、区域性、职业性与多样性的生态位特征。当前职业本科院校仍处于生态位形成初期的生存起步阶段，普遍面临生态位宽度有限、办学定位模糊、校际生态位重叠度偏高、资源吸纳能力不足等多重现实困境。立足生态位形成内在机理，系统剖析职业本科院校生态位三大核心维度及现实表征，从主动竞争拓位、错位发展分位、资源整合扩位、共生协同优位四个维度构建优化路径，以期推动职业本科院校突破发展瓶颈，实现内涵式、特色化与可持续高质量发展。

Niche theory provides an important research paradigm for interpreting the operational laws and developmental logic of the higher education ecosystem. As emerging educational entities in China's higher education system, vocational undergraduate colleges possess distinct niche characteristics of initial development, regionality, professionalism and diversity.At present, vocational undergraduate colleges are still in the initial stage of niche cultivation, and generally face development dilemmas such as insufficient niche breadth, convergent school-running positioning, prominent inter-college niche overlap and weak resource agglomeration capacity. Based on the internal mechanism of niche formation, this paper systematically analyzes the core dimensions and practical problems of the niche of vocational undergraduate colleges. It constructs a systematic optimization path from four aspects: expanding niche through competition, differentiating niche through dislocation development,broadening niche through resource integration, and optimizing niche through symbiotic coordination. The research helps vocational undergraduate colleges break through development bottlenecks and achieve connotative, distinctive, sustainable and high-quality development.